Contributors:
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Thomas Ackermann has a Diplom Wirtschaftsingenieur (MSc in Mechanical Engineering combined with an MBA) from the Technical University Berlin, Germany, an MSc in Physics from Otago University, New Zealand, and a PhD from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm , Sweden. In addition to wind power, his main interests are related to the concept of distributed power generation and the impact of market regulations on the development of distributed generation in deregulated markets. He has worked in the wind energy industry in Germany, Sweden, China, USA, New Zealand, Australia and India. Currently, he is a researcher with the Royal University of Technology (KTH), Department of Electrical Engineering in Stockholm, Sweden, and involved in wind power education at KTH and the University of Zagreb, Croatia, via the EU TEMPUS program. He is also a partner in Energynautics, a consulting company, and a project developer in the area of sustainable energy supply. Email: Thomas.Ackermann@ieee.com.
Vladislav Akhmatov has an MSc (1999) and a PhD (2003) from the Technical University of Denmark. From 1998 to 2003 he was with the Danish electric power company NESA. During his work with NESA he developed dynamic wind turbine models and carried out power system stability investigations. He used mainly the simulation tool PSS/ETM. He combined his PhD with work on several consulting projects involving Danish wind turbine manufacturers, on grid connection of wind farms in Denmark and abroad. Specifically, he participated in a project regarding power system stability investigations in connection with the grid connection of the Danish offshore wind farm at Rødsand/Nysted (165 MW). He demonstrated that blade angle control can stabilise the operation of the wind farm during grid disturbances. This solution is now applied in the Rødsand/Nysted offshore wind farm. In 2003 he joined the Danish transmission system operator in Western Denmark, Eltra. His primary work is dynamic modelling of wind turbines in the simulation tool Digsilent Power-Factory, investigations of power system stability and projects related to the Danish offshore wind farm at Horns Rev (160MW). In 2002 he received the Angelo Award, which is a Danish award for exceptional contributions to the electric power industry, for ‘building bridges between the wind and the electric power industries’. He has authored and co-authored a number of international publications on dynamic wind turbine modelling and power system stability.
E. Ian Baring-Gould graduated with a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Massachusetts Renewable Energy Research Laboratory in the spring of 1995, at which point he started working at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the USA. Ian’s work at NREL has focused on two primary areas: applications engineering for renewable energy technologies and international assistancein renewable energy uses. His applications work concentrates on innovative uses of renewable energies, primarily the modelling, testing and monitoring of small power systems, end-use applications and large diesel plant retrofit concepts. International technical assistance has focused on energy development for rural populations, including the design, analysis and implementation of remote power systems. Ian continues to manage and provide general technical expertise to international programs, focusing on Latin America, Asia and Antarctica. Ian also sits on IEA and IEC technical boards, is an editor for Wind Engineering and has authored or co-authored over 50 publications. His graduate research centred on the Hybrid2 software hybrid, power system design, code validation and the installation of the University’s 250kW ESI-80 wind turbine.
Sigrid M. Bolik graduated in 2001 with a master’s degree in electrical engineering (Diplom) from the Technical University Ilmenau in Germany. Currently, she works for Vestas Wind Systems A/S in Denmark and also on her PhD in cooperation with Aalborg University and Risø. Her research focuses on modelling induction machines for wind turbine applications and developing wind turbine models for research in specific abnormal operating conditions.
Thomas Bopp is currently a research associate at the Electrical Energy and Power System Research Group at UMIST, UK. His main research interests are power system protection as well as power system economics and regulation.
S. W. H. (Sjoerd) de Haan received his MSc degree in applied physics from the Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, in 1975. In 1995 he joined the Delft University of Technology as associate professor in power electronics. His research interest is currently mainly directed towards power quality conditioning (i.e. the development of power electronic systems for the conditioning of the power quality in the public electricity network).
Predrag Djapic´ is currently a research associate at the Electrical Energy and Power System Research Group at UMIST, UK. His main research interests are power systemplanning and operation of distribution networks.
Peter Borre Eriksen received an MSc degree in engineering from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in 1975. From 1980 until 1990 his work focused on the environmental consequences of power production. Between 1990 and 1998 he was employed in the System Planning Department of the former Danish utility ELSAM. In 1998, he joined Eltra, the independent transmission system operator of western Denmark. In 2000, he became head of Eltra’s Development Department. Peter Borre Eriksen is the author of numerous technical papers on system modelling.
Bernhard Ernst is an electrical engineer and has a master’s degree (Diplom) in measurement and control from the University of Kassel, Germany. In 1994, still a student, he joined ISET. In 2003, he completed at ISET a PhD on the prediction of wind power. Bernhard Ernst has contributed to numerous publications on the subject of the integration of wind energy into energy supply.
Anca D. Hansen received her PhD in modelling and control engineering from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in 1997. In 1998 she joined the Wind Energy Department of Risø National Laboratory . Her work and research interests focus on dynamic modelling and the control of wind turbines as well as on the interaction of wind farms with the grid. As working tools she uses the dynamic modelling and simulation tools Matlab and Digsilent Power Factory. Her major contribution is the electromechanical modelling of active stall wind turbines and recently of a pitch-controlled variablespeed wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator. She has also modelled PV modules and batteries.
Carl Hilger received a BSc in electrical engineering from the Engineering Academy of Denmark and a general philosophy diploma as well as a bachelor of commerce degree. In 1966 he joined Brown Boveri, Switzerland, as an electrical engineer and later the Research Institute for Danish Electric Utilities (DEFU). In 1978 he became sectional engineer in the Planning Department of Elsam (the Jutland-Funen Power Pool). Between 1989 and 1997 he was executive secretary at Elsam and after that at Eltra, the independent transmission system operator in the western part of Denmark. In 1998, he was appointed head of the Operation Division at Eltra. Carl Hilger is a member of Eurelectric Working Group SYSTINT and Nordel’s Operations Committee.
Ritva Hirvonen has MSc and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from Helsinki University of Technology and an MBA degree. She has broad experience regarding power systems, transmission and generators. She has worked for the power company Imatran Voima Oy and transmission system operator Fingrid as a power system specialist and at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland as research manager in the energy systems area. Her current position is head of unit of Natural Gas and Electricity Transmission for the Energy Market Authority (EMA) and she is actively involved in research and teaching at the Power Systems Laboratory of Helsinki University of Technology..
Hannele Holttinen hasMSc (Tech) and LicSc (Tech) degrees from Helsinki University of Technology. She has acquired broad experience regarding different aspects of wind energy research since she started working for the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland in 1989. In 2000–2004 she worked mainly on her PhD on ‘Effects of Large Scale Wind Power Production on the Nordic Electricity System’, with Nordic Energy Research funding.
Nick Jenkins is a professor of electrical energy and power systems at UMIST, UK. His research interests are in the area of sustainable energy systems including renewable energy and its integration in electricity distribution and transmission networks.
W. L. (Wil) Kling received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Eindhoven in 1978. Currently, he is a part-time professor at the Electric Power Systems Laboratory of Delft University of Technology. His expertise lies in the aea of planning and operating power systems. He is involved in scientific organisations, such as IEEE. He is also the Dutch representative in the Cigre Study Committee C1 ‘System Development and Economics’.
Hans Knudsen received aMScEE from the Technical University of Denmark in 1991. In 1994 he received an industrial PhD, which was a joint project between the Technical University of Denmark and the power companies Elkraft, SK Power and NESA. He then worked in the in the Transmission Planning Department of the Danish transmission and distribution company NESA and focused on network planning, power system stability and computer modelling, especially on modelling and simulation of HVDC systems and wind turbines. In 2001, he joined the Danish Energy Authority, where he works on the security of supply and power system planning.
Åke Larsson received in 2000 a PhD from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. His research focused on the power quality of wind turbines. He has broad experience in wind power, power quality, grid design, regulatory requirements, measurements and evaluation. He also participated in developing new Swedish recommendations for the grid connection of wind turbines. Currently, he works for Swedpower.
Christer Liljegren has a BScEE from Thorildsplan Technical Institute, Sweden. He worked with nuclear power at ASEA, Vattenfall, with different control equipment, mainly concerning hydropower, and at Cementa factory working with electrical industrial designing. In 1985, he joined Gotland Energiverk AB (GEAB) and in 1995 became manager engineer of the electrical system on Gotland. He was project manager of the Gotland HVDC-Light project. In 2001, Christer Liljegren started his own consulting company, Cleps Electrical Power Solutions AB (CLEPS AB), specialising in technical and legal aspects of distributed power generation, especially wind turbines and their connection to the grid. He has been involved in developing guidelines and recommendations for connecting distributed generation in Sweden.
Eva Centeno Lopez received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from Universidad Pontificia Comillas in Madrid, Spain, in 2001, and a master’s degree at the Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering Stockholm, Sweden, in 2000. She worked at Endesa, Madrid, Spain, at the Department of Electrical Market. Currently, she works at the Swedish Energy Agency in Eskilstuna, Sweden.
Per Lundsager started working full-time with wind energy in 1975, including R&D,assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of energy systems and concepts, for wind energy and other renewables. Between 1984 and 1993 he was head of the wind diesel development programme at Risø National Laboratory. As senior consultant he has been advisor to the national wind energy centres in the USA, Canada, Finland,Denmark, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Brazil, India and Egypt, regarding projects, programmes and strategies. He has also been manager and/or participant in projects and studies in the USA, Canada and Europe, including Greenland, Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia.
Matthias Luther received a PhD in the field of electrical switchgear devices from the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany. In 1993, he joined PreussenElektra AG, Germany. He was the project manager of various European network studies, mainly concerning system stability. Between 1998 and 2000 he was in charge of network development and customer services at the Engineering and Sales Department of PreussenElektra Netz. Presently, Matthias Luther is head of network planning at E.ON Netz GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany. He is member of several national and international institutions and panels.
Julija Matevosyan (Sveca) received a BSc degree in electrical engineering from Riga Technical University, Latvia, in 1999. From 1999 to 2000 she worked as a planning engineer in the Latvian power company Latvenergo. She received an MSc in electrical engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2001. She is currently working at the Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering towards a PhD on the largescale integration of wind power in areas with limited transmission capability.
Poul Erik Morthorst has a MEcon from the University of Århus and is a senior research specialist in the Systems Analysis Department at Risø National Laboratory. He joined this institute in 1978. His work has focused on general energy and environmental planning, development of long-term scenarios for energy, technology and environmental systems, evaluation of policy instruments for regulating energy and environment and the assessment of the economics of renewable energy technologies, especially wind power. He has participated in a large number of projects within these fields and has extensive experience in international collaboration.
Jørgen Nygård Nielsen received a BScEE from the Engineering College of Sønderborg, Denmark, in 1984. From 1984 to 1988 he worked on developing digital control systems and designing software for graphical reproduction systems. Between 1988 and 1994 he was a lecturer at the College of Chemical Laboratory and Technician Education, Copenhagen. In 1996, he received an MScEE from the Technical University of Denmark and in 2000 an industrial PhD, a joint project between the Technical University of Denmark, the Institute for Research and Development of the Danish Electric Utilities, Lyngby, Denmark, and Electricite´ de France, Clamart, France. In 2000 he joined the Department of Transmission and Distribution Planning of the Danish transmission and distribution company NESA. He works on general network planning, power system stability and the development of wind turbine simulation models.
Jonas Persson received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, in 1997 and a Tech. Lic. degree in electric power systems from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2002. He joined ABB, Vasterås, Sweden, in 1995 where he worked on the development of the power system simulation software Simpow. In 2004 he joined STRI , Ludvika, Sweden, where he develops and teaches Simpow. Currently, he also works at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Department of Electrical Engineering Sweden, towards a PhD on bandwidth-reduced linear models of noncontinuous power system components.
Henk Polinder received in 1992 an MSc degree in electrical engineering and in 1998 a PhD, both from the Delft University of Technology. Currently, he is an associate professor at the Electrical Power Processing Laboratory at the same university, where he gives courses on electrical machines and drives. His main research interest is generator systems in renewable energy, such as wind energy and wave energy.
Harold M. Romanowitz is president and chief operating officer of Oak Creek Energy Systems Inc. and a registered professional engineer. He holds a BScEE from Purdue University and an MBA from the University of California at Berkeley. He has been involved in the wind industry in California since 1985 and received the AWEA Technical Achievement Award in 1991 for his turnaround work at Oak Creek. He has been directly involved in efforts to improve the Tehachapi area grid over this time, including the achievement of a better understanding of the impacts of induction machines and improved VAR support. In 1992–93 he designed and operated a 2.88MW 17 280KWH battery storage system directly integrated with wind turbines to preserve a firm capacity power purchase agreement. He was a manufacturer of engineered industrial drive systems for many years, produced the first commercial regenerative thyristor drives in the USA and WattMiser power recovery drives. He has extensive experience with dynamic systems, including marine main propulsion (10MW), large material handling robots, container and bulk-handling cranes, large pumps and coordinated process lines.
Fritz Santjer received an MSc (Diplom) in electrical engineering from the University of Siegen, Germany, in 1989. In 1990 he joined the German Wind Energy Institute (DEWI), where he works on grid connection and the power quality of wind turbines and wind farms and on standalone systems. In 2000 he became head of the Electrical Systems Group in DEWI. He has performed commercial power quality and grid protection measurements in many different countries in Europe, South America and Asia. He is an assessor for the MEASNET power quality procedure and is involved in national and international working groups regarding guidelines on power quality and the grid connection of wind turbines. He lectures at national and international courses. He was involved in various European research projects concerning grid connection and power quality of wind turbines, standalone systems and simulations of wind turbines and networks.
J. G. (Han) Slootweg received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from Delft University of Technology , the Netherlands, in 1998. The topic of his MSc thesis was modelling magnetic saturation in pemanent-magnet linear machines. In December 2003 he obtained a PhD from the Delft University of Technology. His thesis was on ‘Wind Power; Modelling and Impact on Power System Dynamics’. He also holds an MSc degree in business administration from the Open University of the Netherlands. His MSc thesis focuses on how to ensure and monitor the long-term reliability of electricity networks from a regulator’s perspective. Currently, he works with Essent Netwerk B.V. in the Netherlands.
Lennart Söder received MSc and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 1982 and 1988, respectively. He is currently a professor in electric power systems at the Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering . He works with projects concerning deregulated electricity markets, distribution systems, protection systems, system reliability and integration of wind power.
Robert Steinberger-Wilckens received a physics degree in 1986 on the simulation of passive solar designs. In 1993 he completed a PhD degree on the subject of coupling geographically dispersed renewable electricity generation to electricity grids. In 1986 he started an engineering consultancy PLANET (Planungsgruppe Energie und Technik) in Oldenburg, Germany, of which he became a full-time senior manager in 1993. His work has focused on complex system design and planning in energy and water supply, energy saving, hydrogen applications, building quality certificates and in wind, solar and biomass projects. In 1999–2000 he developed the hydrogen filling station EUHYFIS, funded within the CRAFT scheme of the EU. In 2002 he joined the Forschungszentrum Jülich as project manager for fuel cells. He is currently head of solid oxide fuel cell development at the research centre.
Poul Sørensen has an MSc in electrical engineering (1987). He joined the Wind Energy Department (VEA) of Risø National Laboratory in 1987 and now is a senior scientist there. Initially, he worked in the areas of wind turbine structural and aerodynamic modelling. Now, his research focuses on the interaction between wind energy and power systems, with special interest in modelling and simulation. He has been project manager on a number of research projects in the field. The modelling involves electrical aspects as well as aeroelasticity and turbulence modelling. Poul Sørensen has worked for several years on power quality issues, with a special focus on flicker emission from wind turbines, and has participated in the work on the IEC 61400-21 standard for the measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics for wind turbines.
Goran Strbac is a professor of electrical power engineering at UMIST, UK. His research interests are in the area of power system analysis, planning and economics and in particular in the technical and commercial integration of distributed generation in the operation and development of power systems.
John Olav Giæver Tande received his MSc in electrical engineering from the Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology in 1988. After graduating he worked at the Norwegian Electric Power Research Institute (EFI) and then, from 1990 to 1997, he worked at Risø National Laboratory in Denmark. After this he returned to SINTEF Energy Research (formerly EFI), where he is currently employed. Throughout his career, his research has been focused on the electrical engineering aspects of wind power. He hasparticipated in several international studies, including convening an IEC working group on preparing an international standard on the measurement and assessment of the power quality characteristics of grid-connected wind turbines, and is the operating agent representative of IEA Annex XXI: Dynamic Models of Wind Farms for Power System Studies (2002–2005).
Wilhelm R.Winter received an MSc and a PhD in power engineering from the Technical University Berlin in 1995 and 1998, respectively. In 1995 he joined Siemens and worked in the department for protection development and in the system planning department. He was involved in large-system studies including stability calculations, HVDC and FACTS optimisations, modal analysis, transient phenomena, real-time simulation and renewable energy systems. He was responsible for the development of the NETOMAC Eigenvalue Analysis program. In 2000 he started working at E.ON Netz, and is responsible for system dynamics and the integration of large-scale wind power.
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